Function 1: Fat — Moisture & Tenderness
Mechanism: The fat coats flour proteins, limiting gluten development and producing a tender, fine crumb. It also traps moisture inside the baked good, keeping it soft for 2–3 days longer.
Result: Cakes stay moist longer, with a finer crumb than cakes made with milk or water.
Substitution impact: Low-fat or fat-free sour cream reduces tenderness and speeds staling.